Almond is a light-loving and drought-tolerant tree, it grows in the western part of the Hisar mountain range, the basin of the Varzob river, the branches of the Darvaz mountain range, the basin of Surkhob and Yakhsu villages (at an altitude of 800-1600m above sea level). Also, its high-yielding and high-quality varieties are grown in Khatlon region, including in Qabadian district, etc. Various types of it are also widespread in Afghanistan, Iran, and Asia Minor countries. In the Republic of Tajikistan, there are mainly 3 types of it -almond,Steamed almondsand sweet almonds grow.
Local varieties of almonds, including Pistabodom, Kajakbodom, Azimboybodom, Qagotakbodom, Arakbodom, Sangbodom, Shaftolubodom, etc. are grown in Tajikistan. Also, many types of almonds, including “Desertny”, “Languedoc”, “Yaltinsky”, “Drake”, “Nonparel”, “Dershukufaki Nikiti” have been adapted to the climatic conditions of Tajikistan.
Almonds can also be grown from seeds. Its seeds are sprouted seeds of almonds, and sweet almonds are grafted onto them. Apricot, peach, cherry and plum seedlings are used as grafts. For the construction of almond orchards, fertile and rocky soils and sunny slopes of the foothills are suitable. Almond seedlings are planted in the order of 6×6, 6×5. The soil between the seedlings is plowed to a depth of 25 cm in autumn and spring, fertilized and watered 2-3 times. An almond tree bears fruit after 2-3 years (it lives 60-100 years). Due to its early flowering, that is, in February and March, its flowers are often frostbitten. Its fruit ripens in July and August. In Tajikistan, it is possible to harvest up to 7.8-25.0 centners per hectare of almonds.
Almond kernels are widely used in the food industry, medicine, perfumery, and textile industry, and they are also used to make sugar, cakes, cookies, oil, and almond water. Almonds can be eaten sprinkled with salt or sugar until they become soft, which is very beneficial for health.
Almond kernel is very medicinal, which is mentioned in many books of the past doctors, including in “The Law of Medicine” by Abu’ali Ibn Sina, “Makhzanu-l-adwiyya” by Muhammad Hossein ibn Muhammad Aqili, “Zahira Khorazmshahi” by Ismail Jurjani was informed. Folk healers consider nuts, oil, leaves and blossoms of sweet almond as medicine. Consuming 0.5-2.0 spoons of almond oil is very useful for treating constipation, constipation, chronic cough and respiratory diseases (bronchitis). Doctors treat jaundice with sweet almond kernels, and for this purpose, it is recommended to consume 5 almonds (2-3 times) on the first day; in the following days, its amount increases by 5 pieces, and after 4-5 days, it reaches about 70 pieces. Then, the amount of brain consumption is reduced in the same way, bringing it to 15 units, thus ending the treatment. It is useful to apply almond oil in the ear twice a day to treat earache. Applying almond oil also makes the skin very soft and smooth. “Almond milk” is made from crushed almond kernels, which is used in baking. Ointment of wet almond leaves is beneficial for acne scars, pimples, and inflamed skin. If almonds are heated until they smell, then the core is removed and eaten, it strengthens the stomach, prevents diarrhea, relieves indigestion and increases semen. If 17.5 g of almond kernels are crushed and eaten kneaded with honey, it cures liver pain and cough. Eat the almond shell with the skin, it strengthens the teeth; if they consume its flower, it will make men move. Crushed and eaten fresh leaves of sweet almond, it cleans the inside and removes stomach worms. If you boil bitter almond root in water and drink that water, it cleanses the spleen and kidneys of harmful substances. Crushed and soaked in vinegar or wine, it cures old and runny hair, wet sores, skin rashes, scabies, itching, and skin allergies.
In modern medicine, almond oil is used as a remedy for constipation. It is added to the composition of various liniments, ointments, creams, because the aqueous substance of almond pulp reduces the secretion of gastric juice, and is very useful for the treatment of stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers.